At we feel this is an admirable move. With all the public sector going through unparalleled cuts the economy is looking to businesses to pull us out of the recession by employing individuals, making money and generally keeping the money flowing.

08 Direct is focused on helping small businesses to be more successful through the use of unforgettable and providing sophisticated call services for example IVR/auto attendant and fax to email no cost.

So, we certainly support the marketing campaign and also have already signed up. If you want to support it as well, then just go to http://www.fpb.org/getbritaintrading/

By taking a few moments to enter your current email address, you are going to be given a free practical guide filled with expert consultancy on typical small company problems such as advertising, access to finance, credit management, training and advancement, exporting and cost-saving.

Forum of Private Business Chief Executive Phil Orford said: “We really believe this campaign can transform the small business landscape in the UK and free SMEs from the shackles of excessive red tape, mind-bogglingly complex tax laws and all the other things which can make running your own business a constant uphill struggle.”

You can help Get Britain Trading by getting the news out!

Whatever the size of your business, giving your potential and existing customers a simple and reliable means to reach you via the telephone is arguably the most important aspect of your overall business, particularly from a customer service perspective.

We all know how annoying it is to phone a company and get no reply or be poorly taken care of. Technology has fuelled our appetite for information and as such consumers demand products and services quicker and cheaper. If your business does not keep up, you can be sure your competition will.

Neil Sherring of Windsor Telecom, the UK’s second largest provider of 0845 numbers, deals with thousands of businesses who are moving towards an enhanced and simple approach to telephone communication and customer service. “The truth is if potential customers can’t get hold of you, they’ll try your competitors and if you fail to answer the phone when your existing customers call, you’ll lose them before you know it.”

Here’s Neil’s top five tips for enhancing your marketing, customer service and call management:

1. Location, Location, Location (of your phone number!).

There’s hundreds of free places you can display your phone number, yet we are all guilty of ignoring how important this is. Business cards, leaflets, online directories, shop fronts, uniforms, vehicles, letterheads, fax headers, the list goes on. For example, do you display your phone number on every page of your website or just under ‘contact us’? If customers see a phone number they are more inclined to call. Don’t miss any opportunity to display your phone number.

2. Put yourself in your customers shoes.

70% of people hang up the phone on voicemail. We all know how hard it is to answer the phone every time, but any missed call could be a missed sale, so make it your priority to answer all your calls. This doesn’t mean you have to stop doing everything and sit by the phone all day, it just means you have to be on the ball about your call management and perhaps invest in a solution. These range from effective voicemail, online time and day management of your calls, to impressive bespoke solutions. Do your research, evaluate your options and most importantly take action – you’ll wish you had done it sooner.

3. Your phone number is king.
quite simply transform your business. According to an OfCom report 83% of UK businesses say their NGNs are important to their organisation (August 2005). There is no doubt that a 0845 number is professional, easier to remember and gives a national presence. Normal landline numbers don’t have these valuable features and don’t stand out amongst the rest. A great phone number is central to your corporate identity and a gateway to other powerful benefits, such as call statistics.

4. “May I ask where you heard about us”.

You wouldn’t believe how many people don’t ask this question and it costs nothing! If you know you get most of your calls from online advertising then you can be sure that if you spend more on that you’ll get more calls and make more money. If you fail to do this you could very easily be wasting hundreds of pounds.

5. Information at your finger tips.

The more you know about your customers the more effectively you can sell to them. How amazing would it be to know who calls you and where they call from, when you get the most calls and how many times you miss a call etc? You could very easily advertise in the right location, manage your time, working day or staff more effectively and never miss another sales enquiry. Businesses do this everyday with call statistics packages. From ‘one man bands’ to corporate giants, it is without out doubt the easiest way to get a better understanding of your market, manage your business productively and get a competitive edge. Information is everything these days and these give you it at the touch of a button.

In a world dominated by technological development and wireless, the good old fashioned telephone is often neglected by businesses, but remains the primary customer channel. Max Atkinson, visiting professor at and author of Lend Me Your Ears (Vermillion 2004) estimates that unproductive communication costs UK businesses an estimated £7.8 billion each year.

Your business doesn’t have to be part of this £7.8 billion loss, particularly if you follow the five simple steps above. It’s all about being proactive and thinking more about the way your customers contact you. There’s a wealth of advice and an excellent range of cost effective products and services out there, which will help you generate more enquiries and boost customer retention.

is a freelance online journalist who travels extensively.

For foreign direct investment (FDI), Ireland adopts an “Open for Business” attitude. The government of the country extends support to companies from all over the world. About 1000 companies (including some renowned brands) have chosen Dublin as their base for European operations. Many companies that moved to Dublin due to the business-conducive environment and low taxes have been very successful. A majority of them have expanded their and Ireland. The management and authorities in Dublin believe that securing FDIs is only the beginning of a lifelong syndicate and partnership.

Traditionally, one of the most important industries of Dublin has been brewing; however, in the last few decades many other diverse industries have come up in the city. Dublin is now home to some of the best companies from the field of pharmaceuticals and information technology. Another important sector of the Dublin economy is the banking and finance sector. Several international finance firms and global banks have their operations in Dublin. The Irish Enterprise Exchange (IEX), Internet Neutral Exchange (INEX) and Irish Stock Exchange (ISEQ) are all located in the city of Dublin.

The economic boom that the city has seen in the past years has given rise to the construction industry in Dublin. A vast number of people are employed in this industry. Dublin is the main center for transport in Ireland. The services and industrial sector are also some of the biggest employers. Some sectors that have been earmarked by the government of the city as key sectors are life sciences, digital media, services and ICT (Information Communication Technology).

The many banks and agencies set up by the government (Dublin City Enterprise Board, Dublin Business Innovation Center) help people start their business in the city. The Dublin City Development Board (DCDB) is the main body that looks after the social and economic development of the city. The purpose of this board is to develop a growth strategy for the city that covers all business sectors. Dublin has an extensive road and rail network and is also a hub for media and telecommunication. Irish people are known all over the world for their adaptive nature, creativity and astute business sense. The city has an abundance of talented and skilled workforces. English is the first language of people and many possess multilingual skills.

The government of Ireland is promoting its economy as a knowledge-based one to attract foreign investors. The country has double taxation agreements with over 50 countries to encourage international business.

It’s coming!

It’s coming on February 17, 2009! It’s about to cut off the signal to your TV, and most likely you’re not prepared for it!

It’s almost as big a shift in home entertainment as happened sixty years ago when television replaced radio in America’s living rooms!

It’s DTV! Digital Television is going to change the way you watch television, and how you interact with your TV set. You’re finally going to get movie theater quality picture and sound at home!

• Digital TV is also going to reach into your pocketbook! All U.S. broadcast stations will stop sending analog TV signals, the kind your regular TV reads, on February 17, 2009. Without a new converter box, your TV will not work!

• Many stations are broadcasting a digital DTV signal right now along side their analog signal, but after 2009 they’ll only transmit in DTV.

• This digital signal can only be properly viewed on a new Plasma, DLP or LCD TV. If you don’t own one, you’ll need a converter box to watch digital signals “dumbed down” to show on your analog TV. In addition to the new Big Screen TV, you’ll also need a Dolby Surround Sound amplifier and speakers to get the DTV Dolby sound.

• All new TVs sold must have a digital tuner built-in as of March 1, 2007. Your old analog TV will need a set top converter box to receive television broadcasts after February 2009.

• Your cable provider may be able to send you digital cable or digital satellite signals right now, but that doesn’t mean that you can see High Definition programs on your television. If you have an old style picture tube television, a converter in your cable box can take the digital signal and “dumb it down” to analog so that you can see it. You’re still not seeing the super sharp DTV picture, or hearing the crystal clear digital sound.

• Digital Pictures will be free from the flicker, ghosts and snow seen on analog transmissions.  More than twice as sharp as Standard TV, DTV signals allow crystal clear images with higher resolution and picture quality than is possible with old style TV.

• DTV will provide programming in wide screen “movie format”.  The digital picture is so sharp you’ll be able to read the small text from your computer hooked up to the TV screen. 

• DTV allows multicasting: broadcasters can provide a super sharp High Definition (HDTV) program or several Standard Definition programs at the same time.  Sending several program streams on one channel is called “multicasting”.  The number of programs a station can send on one digital channel depends on the sharpness (resolution) of each program.  DTV can provide interactive video and data services that are not possible with the old analog technology.

• DTV features Dolby Surround Sound to give you that full movie theater sound in your home instead of the old, tinny TV sound you grew up with. With a Surround Sound tuner and speakers installed, you’ll get roaring, sparkling sound assaulting your family from all directions: front, sides and rear!

• If you don’t have cable or satellite TV, you’ll need a Plasma or LCD TV with a DTV tuner, or a digital-to-analog converter box to see digital signals on your analog TV. Converter boxes will be available in retail stores during the transition.

• The National Telecommunications and Information Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce will issue two .00 coupons per household that can be applied toward the purchase of digital-to-analog converter boxes. Coupons will be issued starting January 1, 2008.

• An Integrated DTV set is a digital TV with a built-in digital decoder or DTV receiver. If you have an Integrated DTV and live in an area with a DTV broadcast station, you won’t need anything else. You may need an antenna (an outdoor antenna is best) to receive over-the-air DTV broadcast programming. Integrated TVs can receive and display current analog signals.

Television is about to leap out of the Stone Age into the future! Make sure you’re ready for it!

It’s as easy as 123!

SumTotal® Systems (Nasdaq: SUMT), the largest provider of talent and learning solutions, announced that it has been named to Deloitte’s prestigious Technology Fast 50 Program for Silicon Valley, a ranking of the fastest-growing technology, media, telecommunications and life sciences companies in the area by Deloitte & Touche USA LLP, one of the nation’s leading professional services organizations. Rankings are based on the percentage revenue growth over five years from 2001 to 2005.

SumTotal Systems’ CEO Don Fowler credits SumTotal’s M&A strategy as well as operational excellence with the company’s 140 percent revenue growth from 2001 to 2005. SumTotal’s learning management software delivers learning and manages employees’ skills via the Internet.

“Our vision for SumTotal was to create the world’s leading provider of learning management software,” said Fowler. “Through mergers and acquisitions as well as operational excellence, we created a company that we believe is the category leader in its space by every measure, including revenue over 0 million annual revenue run rate; customers, of which we have 1,500; employees more than 700; and market share totaling 20 percent.”

“Sustaining high revenue growth over five years is an exceptional accomplishment. We commend SumTotal for making the commitment to technology and delivering on the promise of market longevity,” said Mark Jensen, National Director of the Venture Capital Services Group for Deloitte & Touche LLP in San Jose. “We are proud to honor SumTotal as a Deloitte Technology Fast 50 winner.”

To qualify for the Technology Fast 50, companies must have had operating revenues of at least ,000 in 2001 and ,000,000 in 2005, be headquartered in North America, and be a company that owns proprietary technology or proprietary intellectual property that contributes to a significant portion of the company’s operating revenues; or devotes a significant proportion of revenues to the research and development of technology. Using other companies’ technology or intellectual property in a unique way does not qualify.

Winners of the 16 regional Technology Fast 50 programs in the United States and Canada are automatically entered in Deloitte’s Technology Fast 500 program, which ranks North America’s top 500 fastest growing technology, media, telecommunications and life sciences companies. For more information on Deloitte’s Technology Fast 50 or Technology Fast 500 programs, visit www.fast500.com.

This year’s Silicon Valley Technology Fast 50 program is co-presented by Deloitte & Touche USA LLP and Silicon Valley Bank, Cooly Godward Kronish LLP, Korn/Ferry International and Porsche Motorsports.

To get a competitive edge over the competitor, organizations are looking for competitive advantages. Employees having multi-skills is also a tool to get competitive edge, and job rotation is a process which make employees multi-skillful. Organization use job rotation in efficient way than regular training, through this, employees will get practical experiences and it will develop employees, it also give organization competitive edge (Blashka, 2007). Job rotation is a process to change position of an employee from one job to another job (Edwards, 2005).The process through which an employee can develop some new relevant skills. An employee should not expect in start that he will perform the entire duties and tasks of the new position, but he should expect first to develop the new and necessary skills to carry on the new job (Oregon, 2004). Job rotation is lateral transfer between different jobs in an organization, the rotated employees do not get that position forever and some time they don’t back to former jobs. Rotation can also has a function of staffing (Campion et al., 1994)

Through job rotation we can improve products flexibility, employee’s satisfaction and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (Dan Macleod March, 2006). Erikson & Ortega (2006) explained job rotation with some theories: employees learning theory says that rotation will make employees more versatile, employer learning theory say by job rotation employer would able to know about employees capability, and according to employee motivation theory  rotation  makes  job more interesting, and it reduce boredom and fatigue. Job rotation is an administrative control which can reduce musculoskeletal injury  and fatigue.(Jonsson, 1988, Anderson 1988, Doelen and Barsky 1990, Hazard et al. 1992)

Some authors have declared job rotation is time wasting and costly phenomena by providing direct training and learning process (Campion & McClelland, 1991, 1993; Feldman, 1981; Louis, 1980; Ostroff & Kozlowski, 1992; Quartly, 1973; Zeira, 1974). But it is proven by some scholars that job rotation has positive relation to some benefits, knowledge and skills outcomes and negatively related to cost perceptions (Campion et al., 1994)

The objective of this study is to develop a meaningful concept of job rotation, through which organizations will able to develop the career of Management trainee officers (MTO’s). Different organizations in Pakistan are offering MTO’s programs such like State Bank of Pakistan,  private commercial banks, and different organization like PSO, SHELL, Pakistan Tobacco company and Serena hotel theses are well known organization which offering MTO’s programs. This study analyze that job rotation is an employee’s learning process through which the career of MTO’s will be developed by proper rotation among different task. Career development can be done through different activities and exercises; one of them is job rotation through which employees can obtain work experience (Campion et al., 1994).

Job rotation is on-the-job training process to cultivate the future of management trainee by moving from one position to another position to increase their understanding and credentials in all different areas (Kraimer et al., 2001).  Job rotation can be also considered as an alternate tool for job designing, that allow employees to know about different jobs skills from different departments, it also eliminate employees fatigue caused due to boring job assignments, these new challenges motivate employees again which also increase employees morale to improve output (Dunning et al., 2005). Eriksson & Ortega (2002) suggested that by taking job rotation as employees learning tool, by well designed manner, it develop employee. According to Champion et al. (1994) job rotation has two effects, first an employee who avail rotation opportunity he/she gets experience more quickly than other who do not avail rotation. Hence job rotation is a good tool for career development. The second effects is that, an employee who avail rotation opportunity acquires experience in more areas as compare to those who do not get this opportunity. Therefore if employees get rotation opportunity more then it is easy to train him to make him a generalist. For example, according to Ouchi (1981), due to more rotation of employees Japanese companies can explain that why their employees are more generalists than specialist, by comparing them with U.S employees.

Literature Review

In past job rotation was taken with different perspectives, from studying past literature we can argue that job rotation is helpful for Management training officers (MTO’s) to develop their career. The previous literature of Job rotation was focusing on different areas; let’s have a look what they say. Macleod (2006)says, through job rotation we can improve products flexibility, employee’s satisfaction and reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Job rotation is a process which decreases employee’s monotony, fatigue and boredom created by mass production and job specialization (Yoder et al. 1958). Job rotation can be used to develop a good schedule for work (Carnahan et al.). It develops the workers’ skills where they can be used in the absence of other workers.

This study is based on empirical evidence and through proper data collection, by applying statistical test, it is proved that the data is reliable and variables have positive relation. This study argue that job rotation provide a learning opportunity through which MTO’s will able to develop their career. Workers are one of the most important assets that any company possesses (Tharmmaphornphilas & Norman, 2007). Therefore research on job rotation has been focused that it is the process of management of employees and to develop their career (Campion et al., 1994; Hall, 1984; Wexley and Latham, 1981).

Seibert SE et al. (2001) declared job rotation as cross-training, through which employees of any type of department can learn variety of  job skills it is also a practical approach to improve and expand the job assignments. It is also on-the-job training system to cultivate the future of management trainee by transferring from one department to another department to increase their understanding and credentials in different areas (Seibert SE et al. 2001). Job rotation can be also considered as an alternate for job designing, (Dunning et al. 2005).

When organization implementing job rotation then they must keep in mind about employees work experience quality rather than quantity. Organization should keep care about employee’s interest, capacity and arrangement of timing, when organization plan for next rotation (Campion et al., 1994).Therefore again and again job rotation may not be productive; factors such like employees learning attitude, background, and task similarity should be taken in consideration for job rotation process.

Job rotation and Employees learning:

The relationship between job rotation and employees learning show, that if there is job rotation then MTO,s will get opportunity of learning. Several models (Campion et al., 1994, Eriksson & Ortega, 2002) link Job Rotation to employees learning. Erikson and Ortega (2006) explained job rotation with some theories, according to employees learning theory  rotation will make employees more versatile, employer learning theory says by job rotation employer would able to know about employees capability. By taking job rotation as an employee’s learning tool in an efficient way, it develop employee (MTO) abilities. According to Campion et al. (1994) job rotation offer  two different  effects, first an employee who get rotation opportunity he gets experience more quickly than other who do not avail rotation. Hence it is a good tool for career development. Secondly if an employee who gets rotation opportunity acquires experience in more areas as compare to those who do not get this opportunity. Employees must rotate when they learn more about their old job, but if new technology is introduced in organization than employee should focus more on their current job (Ortega, 2001). According to employee learning theory, employees that are rotate more gain more experience than others. (Eriksson & Ortega, 2002). Jaime Ortega has clearly explained that there is positive relation between job rotation and employees learning. According to Jaime Ortega Job rotation provide an opportunity to employer to learn about employees abilities, It is a learning phenomena and much profitable than specialization, learning theory claim that employee should be rotated if he has learnt enough about his current job (Jaime Ortega 2001).By applying statistical tools we have found that there is a positive relation between job rotation.

Learning and MTO’s Career Development:

Learning behavior of workers is associated with career development (Dijk, 2004).The concept of career development was first advanced by Axelrad et al. (1951) who proposed that occupational choice is a developmental process that occurs over a number of years. The  objective of career development, is that  development should be for all employees, not only for potentials employees (McLean, 2002). Career development is the total constellation of psychological, economic, physical, educational, sociological, and enhance factors that combine to shape the career of an individual over the life span (Sears, 1982). Management should requires to rotate their employee in predetermined fashion to train and multi-skilled them (Anselmi & Sundarrajan 2000). Job rotation enhances employees’ business Knowledge more than technical skills. (Stites-Doe). Job rotation is a process of on-the job Training for improving the skills and understanding of the management trainee. (Chang, 2009)

This diagram is presented by Evaluation of Learning and Development at UNESCO McGuire & Perrin (2010) to develop employee;

Participation in self-study programs:

Professional reading knowledge base study
Videos base knowledge
E-learning: CD-Rom, online learning

One to one learning:

Cross-training by another colleague
Coaching to train employees
Mentoring to aware employees
Knowledge-sharing to help out each other
To update each other

Group sharing:

Workshops to improve knowledge
Seminars to increase understanding
Video-conferencing to share knowledge
Team projects to enhance capacity
Networking

Action learning:

On-the-job training to learn more
Task-based training
Assignments
Team Projects

To learn new ways of cooperating and planning in organization, this will not make effective in present responsibilities, but will also help them in creating new practices for future  (Boud & Garrick, 1999). Different researcher argue that learning is now important for organization to survive against competitor (Senge, 1990; Argyris, 1993; Schein, 1993; Boydell et al. 199). They argue that learning has more importance because organizations have to response quickly to external environment changes. (Marsick & Watkins, 1999; Chivers et al., 2000). Organization must anticipate the environment and to highlight the changes to survive in market. Some scholars say that due to change in external environment, new technology and product arising in market for those organizations have to acquire new skills and knowledge. Learning is also important for organizational survival and it also a give competitive advantages to organization. (Alan John Coetzer, 2006).

Career development is remained as a shared responsibility of employer and employees Boudreaux (2001); Brown (1997). Some scholars have determined the impact of learning behavior and opportunities to learn during their work, they also find out that career development depends on both things, the working environment which provide learning opportunities to employees and individual characteristics in form of learning attitude (Sluis & Poell, 2003)

Proposed Model and Hypothesis

Hypothesis:

H1: Learning due to job rotation has positive relation to MTO’s Career development.

H2: Learning due to job rotation is not positively related to MTO’s Career development.

The conceptual framework of employee learning through job rotation and career development

Research Method:

Sample:

The data in this study collected from Management Trainee Officers of different banks, Pakistan State Oil (PSO), and Pakistan Telecommunication Ltd (PTCL). The samples in this study are selected randomly. 360 Questionnaires were distributed in which 320 are collected.

Measure:

We have conducted informal interviews with MTO’s of different before the bank development of the questionnaire and take their opinion about the problem. The questionnaire consists of four sections. In the First section, the demographics of the subjects are measured. The Second section consist of question related to job rotation, the question are adopted from previous studies of Yvonne Brunetto & Rod Farr-Wharton, Richard Olorunsola (2000), Knight et al. (2008).  The third section questions are related to Employees learning, the questions are adopted from the studies of Richard Olorunsola (2000), Alan John Coetzer (2006), and Ju Long (2009). The questions in forth section consists of career development and are adopted from Alan John Coetzer (2006), and cipd annual survey on learning and development (2006). All survey items, except for the demographic variables, had a five-point response format ranging from 1, ‘strongly agree’, to 5, ‘strongly disagree’.

Result:

The reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) is .861. For this purpose of reliability check of variables / items, Cronbach’s Alpha of the data set is analyzed. Table D explain the Reliability Analysis (C-Alpha) about the 3 Variables (Job rotation comprising of 7 items, Employee learning consists of 5 items and Career development comprising of 4 items. All 3 variables show the reliability 0.861 which is acceptable. So, the internal consistency reliability of the measures can be taken accepted. The data is considered suitable for further analysis.

Reliability Statistics

Cronbach’s Alpha

N of Variables

N of Items

.861

3

16

The research model is tested through structural equation model (AMOS).

Structural Equation Model (AMOS)

Figure 1 The result of ISQ model (SEM)

JBROT            Job Rotation

EL                   Employee Learning

CRDV             Career Development

The above Figure 4.18.1 shows the relationship of among the variables and the structural equation model help to measures the impact of Job Rotation on Employee learning and further the impact of Employee learning on the Career Development.

Model Summary

Minimum was achieved

Chi-square = 49.415

Degree of freedom = 1

Probability level = .000

Table 2   Index of fit of the Model

Estimate

S.E

C.R

P

Decision

e1

e2

e3

.190

.258

.124

.015

.020

.010

12.629

12.629

12.629

0.000

0.000

0.000

Accepted

Accepted

Accepted

Table 3   Hypotheses testing based on Regression weights

The index of fit for our model is shown in table 2. Taking degrees of freedom (1) into account, most index values approach the general standard of index fit. It evident from the analysis that over all research model is significant (Chi= 49.415) (P<0.05).

Estimate

S.E

C.R

P

Decision

EMPLRßJBROT

CRDVßEMPLR

.851

.065

13.053

0.000

Accepted

.759

.031

24.203

0.000

Accepted

Table 4   Hypotheses testing based on Regression weights

Results of the above table show the relationship among the variables (Job Rotation, Employee Learning and career development). The results indicate that there exists a positive and significant relationship between the variables. Job rotation has a positive and significant impact (β=0.851, P<0.05) on Employee Learning. Further Employee Learning positively and significantly (β=0.851, P<0.05) influences the Career Development.

Discussion

Due to rapidly change in technology and globalization concept has changed the career development dramatically. (Marieke S. van Dijk, 2004). Organization need to create learning opportunity for career development to encourage learning behavior at all level (McLean, 2002). Different researchers has proved to job rotation provides a learning opportunity and Jaime Ortega, 2006 mentioned that job rotation is learning mechanism. The employees learning theory argue that if employees learn a job thoroughly then they should change the job to learn something new.

Keeping in mind the past research we have add something new, if job rotation provides learning opportunity then obviously Management Trainee Officer will learn new job and by rotation and it will help in developing their career. In this research we have taken sample of 320 MTO’ss by applying statistical tool on data we got positive relationship among the variables.

The above data mention in the tables proved that there is a positive and significant relation among the variables. The hypothesis 1 predict that Learning due to job rotation is positively related to MTO’s Career development, while the hypothesis 2 in the study suggests that Learning due to job rotation is not positively related to MTO’s Career development. These hypotheses are tested on regression analyses that are given in table 4 show positive and significant relations.

Conclusion

Every organization wants multi skilled employees to get a competitive edge over the competitors. Employees can acquire skills and knowledge through training or through job rotation. Some researches suggests that training are costly than job rotation. Job rotation and employee learning have been used to develop the career of Management Trainee Officers. This paper describe how job rotation help MTO’s to learn about different departments and acquire different skills from that rotation and how these skills and knowledge enhance their career.  Number of researches suggests that rotation is related to learning and skill acquisition.

Cognitive consistency theories (Festinger, 1957; Heider, 1946) propose that if the employee is rotated with high rate, the employee will view the rotation positively. Some of the previous researches suggests that employees are rotate with they learn the knowledge and skills. Survey of different organization’s employees suggests that employees that are rotated frequently are more satisfied from their job than those who are not rotated.

Practical Implications

Due to tough competition among organizations, organizations want to avail safe roof to compete competitor. Organization structure and culture is changing very quickly due to globalization and Information Technology. Human resource is considered now as a capital and to develop human resource is very important for organization survival. It is considered now to bring multi-skilled employees to reduce cost and set a competitive environment. Through this research we are bringing new concept about job rotation that it will develop the career of MTO’s. The reliability of data of this research giving message to organizations which are offering MTO’s programs, to rotate their MTO’s to develop their career. Banking sector of Pakistan is grown up very fast and offering MTO’s programs if they rotate them then it will develop their career. Job rotations provide learning opportunity and new position, from each experience they will learn. If banking sector and other service rendering organization rotate their MTO’s, then they will learn different tasks and knowledge. If any employee is absent then other employee who is rotated and trained he/she will handle the job and organization working process will not stop.

This research can be practically applied by all those service rendering organizations which are offering MTO’s programs .some organization are well known for MTO’s programs in Pakistan such like Allied Bank, Bank of Punjab, State Bank of Pakistan, Telecom industry (Pakistan Telecommunication Ltd, Ufone, Telenor etc).These organization can get fruitful result by implementing this research model.

Future Research

In Pakistan to gain practical work experience government has launched National Internship Program (NIP) few years ago. The purpose of this program is to avail practical work experience by all those jobless students who has completed their Master degree. Due to short time unlucky we could not interviewed internee of NIP. I prefer to all research students to conduct research by having idea in mind that job rotation can develop career of internees of NIP. Because internee spend one year in organization related to their field if they get rotation opportunity then it will develop their career.

Due to shortage of time we have covered only service rendering organizations which are offering MTO’s Programs. Further research on job rotation can be conducted in manufacturing Industries which are offering MTO’s Programs.

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Now, if you want to know about various handsets names supporting 3G network, the list is very long.  Nokia has unveiled many series of SmartPhones having touch screens, camera phones or music players. To name a few, Nokia handsets supporting 3G networks are Nokia N97, Nokia C5, Nokia E5, Nokia X6, Nokia X5-01, Nokia N900 and Nokia N97 mini. Samsung 3G mobile phones names are Samsung Galaxy S, Samsung S5620 Monte, Samsung 5350 Shark and Samsung C5130 etc. Innovative HTC also manufactured a number of 3G mobile phones. A few names would be HTC Desire, HTC Legend, HTC Hero, HTC wildfire. HTC offered first 4G handset to the world named HTC Evo 4G. Blackberry has also introduced many models supporting 3G networks. These are Blackberry Bold 9000, Blackberry Curve 8300, Blackberry Curve 8500 and Blackberry Pearl 3G. The trademark BB features like full QWERTY key board as well as Track-pad, in addition to almost all latest features on offer.

3G handsets have become identity of present phase of telecommunication. Though 4G has also now stepped into mobile world but this is not end of 3G phase. It will last longer. Many 3G handsets having exciting features have been released and many 3G handsets are still in the way.

IVA means Individual Voluntary Agreement and gives people piece of mind when it comes to their finances. Having an IVA gives you the option of repaying your debt to a level that meets with approval from your creditors while at the same time the IVA gives you the freedom that bankruptcy or having your assets seized would hinder or even stop you from doing any future business or for applying for credit or a loan.

 The IVA is brokered with an independent supervisor who will aim to give you the flexibility to repay within your budget to a standard that meets with approval from your creditors. Remember that your creditors would like to see you repay your debt to them and if you declared bankruptcy there is a good chance that they would never get a satisfactory level of repayment and as such their business practices would suffer. An IVA would aid all parties concerned as it provides your creditors with the knowledge that you intend to repay and stick to a repayment program whilst at the same time giving you piece of mind regarding the amount that you will have to pay monthly and the amount you will have to pay.

Having an IVA is less embarrassing and financially debilitating as bankruptcy. Bankruptcy would severely affect your credit score and would prevent you from applying for great deals of credit and would mean that any creditor that chose to do business with you would charge an astronomically high level of interest.Any IVA is regarded as being a private and contractual agreement between you and your creditors is kept private and secure from anybody who is not involved with your debt. The only one allowed into view the situation is the supervisor and they work to ensure that the IVA is well balanced and firmly established. 

 Having an IVA will keep you financially free but must be adhered to in order to avoid more serious action being taken out against you.

As with any financial decision that affects your life it is recommended to seek out competent professional advice.

The threat of debt can push people to the edge and the word Bankruptcy can have nightmares connected to it. However this doesn’t have to be the case and more and more people are discovering that they don’t have to live in fear. A simple step known as an IVA can set you back on the path to financial stability.

 An IVA or Individual Voluntary Agreement is a lifeline that is worked out between debtor and creditors in order to aid all parties by ensuring that the debts are paid to a satisfactory level of the creditors. The great advantage of an IVA is that you will an no point be publicly blacklisted for your debts and will not be made to explain your arrears to any further financial establishments such as banks. The private agreement of an IVA means you have great piece of mind whilst paying off your debts. The institution if an IVA is done with supervisory support and are private documents.

 The ombudsman in the relationship will be your point of contact for dealing with your creditors which will mean that all correspondence and telecommunications will be given to you via them, ending the worry of the demands landing on your mat.

 An IVA whilst being private will allow you to continue your business practices or to start up a new business without fear of bad credit scores affecting your chances.

Bankruptcy is also heavily disliked by creditors as it means that they are less likely to see a good deal of the debt paid off, whereas an IVA gives them the option of setting a manageable level of repayment. Bankruptcy will as the name applies have a severe affect on your assets and could even seize all your worldly possessions. An IVA will give you the chance to keep your assets and allows your freedom in how you will repay your debts and what you would choose to sell to repay your debt.

An IVA is a last resort and should be considered before bankruptcy. With all financial decisions we advise taking professional advice.

Indian business market is growing exponentially, providing excellent opportunity for foreign investors to get the real worth of their money by outsourcing their work. Becoming a common strategy, the concept of outsourcing has gained the current momentum to invite people to avail the excellent services of growing Indian IT market and feel the difference. India has a lot to offer to foreigners including managing accounting work, call centers and software development and website development services. If you need expert care and treatment; approaching Indian software development market can be the bets option for you.

Whether you are a manufacturing unit or a selling division or any other business processes, India outsourcing services is equally effective for every business. If you believe in cost cutting majors, you just cannot deny the perfect services of Indian services. In your budget, you can get the bets of everything that you will desire for so long. Decide your budget and start your search to the right company to get the bets deal. With cost effective measures, you can get the advantage the most eligible population, telecommunication infrastructure and better skilled and technical advancements that make it quite different from other countries. This is the reason why, Indian holds the top position in providing outsourced services.

Qualities of Indian Software Development Market

India outsourcing market is blessed with every attributes like of English speaking professionals, large population and unbeatable expertise to offer their customized and personalized service that gives a true opportunity to grow for both the parties. India has the bets telecommunication facility to communicate with foreigners and update them of the time to time development. Indian professionals have developed a customized service model where you can only gain and get the best investment deal out of it. The clear understanding of Indian professionals has defined a way to enable best services for the clients in a restricted time period.

A T1 is a high-speed dedicated circuit that consists of 24 channels. Each channel is flexible and is available to anyone when not in use. This makes the T1 extremely useful. The amount of T1 circuits required to provide service to your office is less than the amount of dedicated circuits that previously may have been needed. Each T1 can provide service to approximately 50 to 100 typical telephone users.

The T1 is the smallest unit of dedicated digital circuits and transmits at a speed of 1.544 Mbps. The T3 is equal to 28 T1s and transmits at a speed of 43.232 Mbps. An OC3 consists of 100 T1s and transmits at a speed of 155 Mbps. An OC12 transmits at a speed of 622 Mbps and equals 4 OC3s. An OC48 equals 4 OC12s and transmits at a speed of 2.5 gigabits per second. An OC192 is the largest grouping of T1s available and consists of 4 OC48′s transmitting at a speed of 9.6 gigabits per second.

OC12 circuits are typically used in large network backbones. Because of the large bandwidth of the OC12 you will be able to run most any application. You will be able to transfer large data files with ease as well as run streaming video and graphics. It can be used for any bandwidth intensive application. OC12 circuits can be used for voice, data or a combination of both. Because of the extremely large bandwidth you will be strategically placed for implementing new applications as they become available, keeping you on the cutting edge of technology. An OC12 can also be used as the backbone for large applications such as for an ISP provider.

When evaluating your business to determine what type of service you need take several things into consideration. First, understand the amount of traffic, both voice and data, that you intend to put over the circuits. You can find this information from current usage reports or bills. Second, take into account the possible growth potential of your business. Always add on at the very least 10% for future growth. If your company is experiencing fast growth patterns you should add on more, up to 25%. Finally, consider the applications that need to run over the circuits. Be sure to consider possible future use of new applications. Think about Internet access, web sites, streaming video, graphics and other potential bandwidth-heavy applications.

A technical support specialist can help you determine which type of circuit will work best for your potential application. Using your information, they can aid you in appropriately sizing your telecommunications services. Be sure to allow plenty of time for engineering and installation. A large installation of this magnitude can take months to complete, depending on the capacity of your local central office, where the lines need to originate.

Consider the service plan needed to ensure proper ongoing service on your OC12. Make sure that the service options include hours and days that your business is open. If your business is open 24/7 (such as an ISP) you will need to ensure that service corresponds to this requirement.

With careful planning and execution the OC12 can save you money in the very first year. Then, plan on monthly and yearly savings that will be significant.